Which type of fueling system has been adopted by NATO as the standard method for refueling at sea?

The probe method is recognized by NATO as the standard for refueling at sea. This system employs a retractable, extendable probe on the fuel supply vessel, which connects to a receptacle on the receiving ship. This connection allows fuel to be transferred efficiently while both ships maintain their operational speeds and positions relative to each other.

This approach is preferred because it enables safe and rapid refueling in various sea conditions, which is critical during naval operations where time and safety are paramount. The probe system also minimizes the risk of spills and enhances the overall effectiveness of logistical support in maritime operations.

Other fueling systems, while they may have applications in specific contexts, do not provide the same level of efficiency and safety during naval refueling as the probe method does. This is why the probe system is the chosen standard for NATO naval forces.