What type of ruptures are typically caused by insufficient steam or water flow?

Thin-lipped tube ruptures are typically caused by insufficient steam or water flow because this type of rupture occurs when the tube walls become overheated due to inadequate cooling or heat transfer. When there is not enough water or steam flowing through the tubes, the heat from the combustion gases can cause localized overheating. As the metal expands and loses integrity, it can develop thin lip areas that eventually fail.

In contrast, other types of ruptures like thick-lipped, longitudinal, or transverse ruptures are associated with different mechanisms of failure, such as material fatigue, corrosion, or mechanical stress. Thin-lipped ruptures specifically arise from thermal stress related to insufficient fluid flow, making them distinct in this context. Understanding this mechanism is crucial for identifying and preventing failures in systems that rely on proper steam and water flow for cooling and heat transfer.