What are the two major hardness constituents in boiler water that contribute to scale?

The two major hardness constituents in boiler water that lead to scale formation are calcium and magnesium. These elements are often present in water, particularly in areas with hard water sources. When water is heated in a boiler, the solubility of calcium and magnesium decreases, causing them to precipitate out of solution and form solid deposits, commonly referred to as scale.

Scale buildup can impair heat transfer, reduce efficiency, and lead to potential operational issues in the boiler system. Managing hardness in boiler water typically involves treatment methods designed to remove or mitigate the impact of calcium and magnesium. This is key to maintaining the operational efficiency and longevity of boiler systems, highlighting the importance of understanding the role these constituents play in water treatment practices.