How are individual economizer tubes typically connected?

Individual economizer tubes are typically connected by U-Bends at the tube ends. This method facilitates thermal expansion and contraction of the tubes due to temperature changes during operation. The U-Bend design allows for flexibility, accommodating the movement without compromising the integrity of the connections. This flexibility is essential in high-pressure systems where variations in temperature can have significant effects.

Other methods of connecting tubes, such as welding the ends together or using flanges, while effective in some contexts, do not provide the same degree of accommodation for thermal movement as U-Bends. Rigid supports, while necessary for securing the tubes in place, do not serve as a connection method for the tubes themselves. The U-Bends serve both practical and structural purposes, making them the preferred choice for individual economizer tube connections.